Black Hole
A black hole is an astronomical object with gravity so strong that nothing—not even light—can escape once it passes its event horizon, the boundary around the singularity.
Stellar black holes form when massive stars (∼20× the Sun’s mass) exhaust their nuclear fuel, undergo supernova explosions, and collapse under gravity into a point with extreme density and curvature of spacetime. If the remnant core exceeds roughly three solar masses, no known force can resist the collapse.
Supermassive black holes—millions to billions of solar masses—reside at the centers of most galaxies, including the Milky Way. Evidence comes from tracking orbital motion of stars in their vicinity, as observed by NASA and ESA facilities, evidence that earned the 2020 Nobel Prize.
Black holes are invisible, but their presence is inferred from accretion disks—hot gas swirling around them emits powerful X-rays—and from gravitational lensing, where their mass bends light from background objects.
Observations by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) produced direct images of the shadow of black holes in M87 and Sagittarius A*, confirming Einstein’s predictions about light structure near the event horizon.
Some black holes move at high speeds through space, likely receiving small velocity boosts (often called kicks) from asymmetric supernova explosions or galactic interactions, as detected using Hubble’s precision astrometry.
Black holes also play key roles in cosmic evolution. Tidal disruption events—where a passing star is torn apart—produce luminous flares captured by Hubble and Chandra, providing rare glimpses into black hole activity.
Their immense gravity powers active galactic nuclei and relativistic jets, influencing both their surrounding galaxies and intergalactic environments.
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APODs including "Black Hole"
X-Rays From The Galactic Center
20 January 2000
ring quasars and active galaxies in the distant universe, astronomers have come to believe that most galaxies have massive black holes at their centers. Swirling stars and a strong, variable radio source offer convincing evidence that even our own Milky Way galaxy's center harbors such a bizarre object, a mere 30,000 light-years away. Still, it has long been realized that if a massive black hole lurks there it should produce X-rays - which have not previously been identified. Now, though relatively faint, the missing X-ray source may have been found. Taking advantage of the sensitive Chandra Observatory astronomers have recorded this false-color X-ray image of the Galactic Center. Embedded in a diffuse cloud of X-ray hot gas, the white dot at the center corresponds to an X-ray source at exactly the position of the strong radio source and suspected black hole. Other individual X-ray sources are also present in the picture which spans about 10 light-years at the distance of the galactic center. With radio and X-ray emission generated by infalling material, the Milky Way's central black hole is thought to have a mass of over 2 million suns. News: Lunar Eclipse Tonight!