Black Hole
A black hole is an astronomical object with gravity so strong that nothing—not even light—can escape once it passes its event horizon, the boundary around the singularity.
Stellar black holes form when massive stars (∼20× the Sun’s mass) exhaust their nuclear fuel, undergo supernova explosions, and collapse under gravity into a point with extreme density and curvature of spacetime. If the remnant core exceeds roughly three solar masses, no known force can resist the collapse.
Supermassive black holes—millions to billions of solar masses—reside at the centers of most galaxies, including the Milky Way. Evidence comes from tracking orbital motion of stars in their vicinity, as observed by NASA and ESA facilities, evidence that earned the 2020 Nobel Prize.
Black holes are invisible, but their presence is inferred from accretion disks—hot gas swirling around them emits powerful X-rays—and from gravitational lensing, where their mass bends light from background objects.
Observations by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) produced direct images of the shadow of black holes in M87 and Sagittarius A*, confirming Einstein’s predictions about light structure near the event horizon.
Some black holes move at high speeds through space, likely receiving small velocity boosts (often called kicks) from asymmetric supernova explosions or galactic interactions, as detected using Hubble’s precision astrometry.
Black holes also play key roles in cosmic evolution. Tidal disruption events—where a passing star is torn apart—produce luminous flares captured by Hubble and Chandra, providing rare glimpses into black hole activity.
Their immense gravity powers active galactic nuclei and relativistic jets, influencing both their surrounding galaxies and intergalactic environments.
Sources
APODs including "Black Hole"
Microquasar in Motion
16 September 2004
Microquasars, bizarre binary star systems generating high-energy radiation and blasting out jets of particles at nearly the speed of light, live in our Milky Way galaxy. The energetic microquasar systems seem to consist of a very compact object, either a neutron star or a black hole, formed in a supernova explosion but still co-orbiting with an otherwise normal star. Using a very long array of radio telescopes, astronomers are reporting that at least one microquasar, LSI +61 303, can be traced back to its probable birthplace -- within a cluster of young stars in the constellation Cassiopeia. About 7,500 light-years from Earth, the star cluster and surrounding nebulosity, IC 1805, are shown in the deep sky image above. The cluster stars are identified by yellow boxes and circles. A yellow arrow indicates the common apparent motion of the cluster stars, the green arrow shows the deduced sky motion of the microquasar system, and the red arrow depicts the microquasar's motion relative to the star cluster itself. Seen nearly 130 light-years from the cluster it once called home, a powerful kick from the original supernova explosion likely set this microquasar in motion.